The Benefits and Disadvantages of Playing the Lottery
A lottery is an arrangement in which a prize (such as goods, money or services) is allocated by a random process. A number of people participate in the process, each paying a small amount for the chance to win the prize. Several types of lottery exist: financial, where participants place a bet in order to have the chance to receive a large sum of money; non-gambling, where a prize is awarded without payment of any consideration; and administrative, where a random process determines which person gets a job or assignment.
In the early United States, state lotteries were an important source of revenue for public projects, including colleges. At the time, public lotteries were considered a form of voluntary taxation. The Continental Congress used lotteries to raise money for the Colonial Army, and Alexander Hamilton wrote that “Every man is willing to hazard trifling sums for a fair chance of considerable gain.” This belief was central to the growth of state governments in the United States during the early 18th century.
But a lot of people who buy tickets are not compulsive gamblers; they’re not investing their life savings, or even a fraction of it, for the chance to win the big jackpot. Many people play the lottery as a form of social bonding, or a way to make a small investment with a low risk and potentially high reward. But when people spend money on a ticket or two, it is an expense that takes away from other expenses they could have incurred—for example, savings for retirement or college tuition.
Many state government leaders believe that lottery revenues can replace onerous taxes on the middle and working classes, making government more efficient and less costly. But studies have found that lottery proceeds actually increase the amount of taxes a state collects and, in addition, have been shown to disproportionately burden lower-income households. In fact, a recent study found that in the top 10 lottery states, the lowest income groups spent more on lottery products than white or higher-income households.
Despite the growing popularity of the lottery, the basic rules of probability suggest that winning a prize does not depend on how often or how much you play. In fact, each lottery ticket has the same probability of winning regardless of how frequently or how much you buy.
Shirley Jackson’s The Lottery reveals the power of tradition to blind us to the morality of our actions. It is a story of scapegoating, and it highlights the role that women—and other societal groups—play as society marks its boundaries.
When considering the historical and social context of Shirley Jackson’s The Lottery, it is important to note that she published it in 1948, shortly after World War II. This was a period in which societies were still grappling with the atrocities committed by Nazi Germany and patriarchal U.S. culture, which privileges men over women and other minorities. Consequently, women and other minorities are often persecuted as symbolic scapegoats in order to validate patriarchal cultures.